ean 9781439885062 temática ECOLOGÍA, MEDIO AMBIENTE año Publicación 2012 idioma INGLÉS editorial TAYLOR AND FRANCIS formato CARTONÉ 77,43 €    PEDIR   NOVEDAD

Últimas novedades
ecología
medio ambiente

Given the importance of interdisciplinary work in sustainability, Simulation of Ecological and Environmental Models introduces the theory and practice of modeling and simulation as applied in a variety of disciplines that deal with earth systems, the environment, ecology, and human–nature interactions. Based on the author’s many years of teaching graduate and undergraduate students in the United States, Spain, and Latin America, the textbook shows how to implement simulations and analyze the results using an open-source software platform. Learn How to Use a Broad Range of Environmental Models The textbook is organized into three parts to allow greater flexibility using the material in various countries and types of curricula. The first part provides a tutorial-style mathematical review and a gentle introduction to the basics of R software. The second part explains the fundamentals of modeling methodology through one-dimensional models. After a review of matrix algebra, the third part progresses to multidimensional models, focusing on structured populations, communities, and ecosystems. The final chapters show how simple models are hooked together to generate more comprehensive models. Build from Fundamental Concepts to Problem Solving Each chapter starts with conceptual and theoretical material to give a firm foundation in how the methods work. Examples and exercises illustrate the applications and demonstrate how to go from concepts to problem solving. Hands-on computer sessions let students grasp the practical implications and learn by doing. Throughout, the computer examples and exercises use seem, an open-source R package developed by the author, which lets students quickly produce simulations and explore the effects of changing conditions in the model. This practical book is a comprehensive, unified presentation of ecological and environmental models. It describes the mathematical fundamentals to analyze models and the methodology to simulate them, with a focus on understanding environmental change—a key element of environmental management and problem solving.

indíce

Part I Introduction, Mathematical Review, and Software Fundamentals Introduction Modeling and Simulation Process-Based Dynamic Models Applications of Environmental Modeling Modeling Methodology Book Organization Simulation Platforms Computer Session Supplementary Reading Review of Basic Mathematical Concepts and Introduction to R Variables Functions Derivatives and Optimization Integrals and Area Ordinary Differential Equations Functions of Several Variables Random Variables and Distributions Random Variables and Moments Some Important Random Variables Covariance and Correlation Computer Session Part II One-Dimensional Models and Fundamentals of Modeling Methodology Exponential Model Fundamentals Units Population Dynamics Chemical Fate Model Terms Review of Simple Linear Regression Model Calibration: Parameter Estimation Nonlinear Regression Computer Session Model Simulation Concepts of Computer Simulation Based on Ordinary Differential Equations Euler Method Fourth-Order Runge–Kutta Method Random Number Generation Stochastic Simulation Computer Session Seem Functions Explained Model Evaluation Testing the Numerical Method and the Code Graphical Evaluation Testing the Model Testing the Parameter Values: Sensitivity Analysis Computer Session Seem Functions Explained Nonlinear Models Populations: Logistic Growth Fate of Chemicals: Michaelis–Menten–Monod Monod Kinetics Computer Session Seem Functions Explained Stability and Disturbances Stability Disturbances Variability and Stress Sudden and Impulsive Disturbances Computer Session Seem Functions Explained Sensitivity Analysis, Response Surfaces, and Scenarios Multiparameter Sensitivity Analysis Response Surface and Scenarios Computer Session Seem Functions Explained Part III Multidimensional Models: Structured Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems Linear Dynamical Systems Matrices Dimensions of a Matrix Vectors Square Matrices Matrix Operations Solving Systems of Linear Algebraic Equations Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Linear Dynamical Systems: Constant Coefficients Computer Session: Matrix Algebra Structured Population Models Types of Structure Methods of Model Structure Projection Matrices Extensions Continuous Time Stage Structured Model Delay-Differential Equations Computer Session Seem Functions Explained Ecotoxicological Modeling Bioavailability Bioaccumulation Effects: Lethal and Sublethal Including Food Pathways Compartment Models Bioaccumulation: Two-Compartment Model Bioaccumulation: Multicompartment Bioaccumulation: Varying Exposure Population Effects Risk Assessment Computer Session Seem Functions Explained Community Dynamics Two-State System Concepts Two Species: Simple Interactions Cycles in Two-Species Consumer–Resource Interactions Two Species: Disturbances Two Species: Structured Populations More Than Two Species, But Not Too Many Computer Session Seem Functions Explained Ecosystems: Nutrients and Energy Nutrient Cycles Closed Cycles Open Cycles Nutrient Cycle Examples Nutrient Cycle Example: Aquatic Ecosystems Global Biogeochemical Cycles Primary Productivity Secondary and Tertiary Productivity Computer Session Seem Functions Explained Aquatic Ecosystems Environmental Drivers Solar Radiation Light as a Function of Depth Dissolved Oxygen and Primary Productivity River Eutrophication Computer Session Seem Functions Explained Terrestrial Ecosystems: Soils, Plants, and Water Weather Generators Evapotranspiration Soil Water Dynamics Soil Water Balance Infiltration and Runoff Computer Session Seem Functions Explained Terrestrial Ecosystems: Vegetation Dynamics Individual-Based Approach Growth Equation Allometric Relationships Diameter Ordinary Differential Equation Environmental Conditions Estimation of Gmax Sunlight Soil Moisture Temperature Nutrients Tree Population Demography Model Responses Deterministic and Lumped Model Markovian Models Computer Session Seem Functions Explained Bibliography Index