The main focus of the book is on computational modelling of biological and natural intelligent systems in order to develop nature inspired artificially intelligent systems. These algorithmic models have as their main objective to facilitate the implementation of artificial intelligent systems for solving complex real-world systems (e.g. fuzzy systems are applied successfully to control systems, gear transmission, breaking systems; swarm intelligence to image classification). This second edition expands on all these paradigms, providing a more detailed and equal treatment of them all. Most recent advances in CI have been added, namely artificial immune systems, hybrid systems, and a section on how to perform empirical studies.